Oscar Niemeyer - Photo Portfolio of Selected Works

The Halayeb Triangle

The Halayeb Triangle (map), also sometimes called the Hala’ib Triangle is an area of disputed land located on the border between Egypt and Sudan. The land covers an area of 7,945 square miles (20,580 square kilometers) and is named for the town of Hala’ib which is located there. The presence of the Halayeb Triangle is caused by the different locations of the Egypt-Sudan border. There is a political boundary that was set in 1899 that runs along the 22nd parallel and an administrative boundary that was set by the British in 1902. The Halayeb Triangle is located in the difference between the two and since the mid-1990s Egypt has had de facto control of the area. History of the Halayeb Triangle The first border between Egypt and Sudan  was set in 1899 when the United Kingdom  had control over the area. At that time the Anglo-Egyptian Agreement for Sudan set a political boundary between the two at 22nd parallel or along the line of 22ÌŠ N latitude. Later, in 1902 the British drew a new administrative boundary between Egypt and Sudan which gave control of the Ababda territory that was south of the 22nd parallel to Egypt. The new administrative boundary gave Sudan control of land that was north of the 22nd parallel. At that time, Sudan controlled about 18,000 square miles (46,620 sq km) of land and the villages of Hala’ib and Abu Ramad. In 1956, Sudan became independent and the disagreement over the control of the Halayeb Triangle between Sudan and Egypt began. Egypt  considered the border between the two as the 1899 political boundary, while Sudan claimed that the border was the 1902 administrative boundary. This led to both Egypt and Sudan claiming sovereignty over the region. In addition, a small area south of the 22nd parallel called Bir Tawil that was formerly administered by Egypt was claimed by neither Egypt nor Sudan at this time. As a result of this border disagreement, there have been several periods of hostility in the Halayeb Triangle since the 1950s. For example in 1958, Sudan planned to hold elections in the region and Egypt sent troops into the area. Despite these hostilities, however, both countries exercised joint control of the Halayeb Triangle until 1992 when Egypt objected to Sudan allowing exploration of the region’s coastal areas by a Canadian oil company. This led to further hostilities and an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Egypt’s then-president Hosni Mubarak. As a result, Egypt strengthened control of the Halayeb Triangle and forced all Sudanese officials out. By 1998 Egypt and Sudan  agreed to begin working on a compromise as to which country would control the Halayeb Triangle. In January 2000, Sudan withdrew all forces from the Halayeb Triangle and ceded control of the region to Egypt. Since Sudan’s withdrawal from the Halayeb Triangle in 2000, there are often still conflicts between Egypt and Sudan over control of the region. In addition, the Eastern Front, a coalition of Sudanese rebels, states that it claims the Halayeb Triangle as Sudanese because the people there are more ethnically related to Sudan. In 2010 the Sudanese President Omer Hassan Al-Bashir said, â€Å"Halayeb is Sudanese and will stay Sudanese† (Sudan Tribune, 2010). In April 2013 there were rumors that Egypt’s President Mohamed Morsi and Sudan’s President Al-Bashir had met to discuss a compromise of control over the Halayeb Triangle and the possibility of giving control of the region back to Sudan (Sanchez, 2013). Egypt denied those rumors however and claimed that the meeting was simply to strengthen cooperation between the two nations. Thus, the Halayeb Triangle still remains in Egypt’s control while Sudan claims territorial rights over the region. Geography, Climate, and Ecology of the Halayeb Triangle The Halayeb Triangle is located on the southern border of Egypt and the northern border of Sudan. It covers an area of 7,945 square miles (20,580 square kilometers) and has coastlines on the Red Sea. The area is called the Halayeb Triangle because Hala’ib is a large city within the region and the area is shaped roughly like a triangle. The southern border, about 180 miles (290 km) follows the 22nd parallel. In addition to the main, disputed portion of the Halayeb Triangle there is a small area of land called Bir Tawil that is located south of the 22nd parallel at the triangle’s westernmost tip. Bir Tawil has an area of 795 square miles (2,060 sq km) and is not claimed by Egypt or Sudan. The climate of the Halayeb Triangle is similar to that of northern Sudan. It is normally very hot and receives little precipitation outside of a rainy season. Near the Red Sea, the climate is milder and there is more precipitation. The Halayeb Triangle has a varied topography. The highest peak in the region is Mount Shendib at 6,270 feet (1,911 m). In addition, the Gebel Elba mountain area is a nature reserve that is home to Elba Mountain. This peak has an elevation of 4,708 feet (1,435 m) and is unique because its summit is considered a mist oasis because of intense dew, mist and high levels of precipitation (Wikipedia.org). This mist oasis creates a unique ecosystem in the region and also makes it a biodiversity hotspot with over 458 plant species. Settlements and People of the Halayeb Triangle The two major towns within the Halayeb Triangle are Hala’ib and Abu Ramad. Both of these towns are located on the Red Sea coast and Abu Ramad is the last stop for buses bound for Cairo and other Egyptian cities. Osief is the closest Sudanese town to the Halayeb Triangle (Wikipedia.org).Because of its lack of development, most of the people living within the Halayeb Triangle are nomads and the region has little economic activity. The Halayeb Triangle is however said to be rich in manganese. This is an element that is significant in the production of iron and steel but it is also used as an additive for gasoline and is used in alkaline batteries (Abu-Fadil, 2010). Egypt has currently been working to export ferromanganese bars to produce steel (Abu-Fadil, 2010). Due to the ongoing conflict between Egypt and Sudan over control of the Halayeb Triangle it is clear that this is an important world region and it will be interesting to observe whether it will remain in Egyptian control.

Essay on Climate Change A Greenland Perspective - 1326 Words

Climate Change: A Greenland Perspective Works Cited Not Included Climate change is the alteration of temperature and precipitation patterns over an extended period of time. Across the globe, scientists are identifying climate change in relation to the greenhouse gas emissions and solar cycles. While most researchers believe that the increase of atmospheric CO2 is effecting global warming, others are endorsing the concerns of another Ice Age, which is likely to occur due to orbital variations of the Earth. In his article, Abrupt Climate Change, Richard Alley titles one section, ?Chilling Warmth,?15 which perfectly describes the angst of many people who foresee a deadly warming trend, and also the paradox of global warming causing†¦show more content†¦He cites a new study that states that the melting of Greenland?s ice cap could raise the oceans by twenty three feet (seven meters), which would submerge low-lying coastal regions and other cities located at sea level, stretching from Los Angeles to London.18 The rising sea levels and increase d rainfall in the Arctic could bring about horrific floods and severe storms across the globe. The increase in the greenhouse gases from global warming, which the Kyoto Protocol is working to counteract, may cause an uprooting of ecosystems around the globe. In Greenland, the melting of ice caps would cause rising sea levels, a slowing of the thermohaline circulation, and a reduction of salinity; the nearby ocean current systems, which influence the sea?s temperature and salinity, would affect the distribution of organisms.19 Climate change is directly related to the conservation and preservation of species, genetic, and ecosystem biodiversity. Since the last ice age, in Greenland, in which mostly all of life became extinct, the plants, animals, and microorganisms have biologically adapted to the Arctic climatic zones. Another dramatic climate change could potentially cause a domino effect of extinction, habitat destruction, and habitat fragmentation. While some researchers talk of global warming, others tell a different tale that claims that climate change is determined by theShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Rising Sea Levels1353 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the first indicators of global warming when it was first discovered and discussed was the acknowledgment of rising sea levels. In many climate change and apocalypse movies the rising of the ocean is the downfall of the population of the planet. The topic about the rising sea levels was not always indisputable. When the topic of climate change was first brought up it was mostly known as global warming and connected to the greenhouse effect. The notion of oceans raising above sea level wasRead MoreResearch Paper On Climate Change1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe four papers that I am looking at all have climate change in common and it is the recurring theme throughout the papers, they all look at different areas of both the U.K. and also into the Northern parts of the world . 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But the climate we have come to expect is not what it used to be. We know this from plenty of observation, documented in hundreds of journa l papers and scientific research which has shown many evidence for rapid climate change. Climate change, refers to the rise in average surface temperature andRead MoreWhy Overpopulation Is The Problem1586 Words   |  7 Pagesresulting from overpopulation and leading to the extinction of mankind (Kuo, 23). The purpose of Kuo’s article is to stress the fact that overpopulation has been over looked as the source of many of the problems afflicting the world today, including climate change, food and water scarcity, environmental degradation, as well as other economic and social effects like unemployment. 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From the evolution of plants and animals, to the advancements in modern technologyRead MoreThe Threat, Responsibility, And Solutions Climate Change And Global Warming Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Threat, Responsibility, and Solutions to Climate Change and Global Warming â€Å"If the Maldives cannot be saved today we do not feel that there is much of a chance for the rest of the world.† - said Former President of the Maldives, Mohamed Nasheed, while sitting underwater signing a document calling for global reduction in carbon emissions. He is right, if we do not start improving the climate right now, our world will soon be under water like the lowest nation, the Maldives which is predicted toRead MoreClimate Warming : Global Warming Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe climate on the Earth is changing. Currently, the temperature of the earth’s climate system continues to rapidly increase which leads to global warming. Global warming, by definition is the â€Å"gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants†(Webster’s). There are many reasons why global warming occ urs, such as human activities and the increasingRead MoreWhat Are The Differences Between Climate Change And Global Warming?1318 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophy or perspective that places intrinsic value on all living organisms and their natural environment, regardless of their perceived usefulness or importance to human beings. Origin of ecocentrism Expand. Task 3: Ecological footprint: Estimation of 2.5 earths (Last year I completed the same series of questions and was told that my estimation was 4 earths, so I have improved my footprint a little bit) Task 4: Textbook Questions: REMEMBER: 1. What is the difference between climate change and global

Nothing Is Perfect free essay sample

I get off the yellow bus with my classmates who are all seniors and take a deep breath of the fresh morning air. It was a perfect morning to being going out and writing about nature for our college english class. The forest calms me inside. I walk down a trail to my right. The wind calls me and leads me farther into the forest. I look to my left and see a swamp, look to my right and see a bundle of tall trees. I take out my blanket that is the size of a king bed and lay it on an old fallen tree. I stare into the distance. Beauty is in every inch of the forest. Among its imperfections, it still has beauty. A tall orange leaved tree is right in front of me, glistening in the sunshine. Nothing is perfect. Things may be beautiful but no animal, object or person is a hundred percent perfect. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing Is Perfect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Through middle school and high school I have always been so worried about what my hair looks like. I use to see what everyone was wearing and how they were doing their hair. I cared how I looked to everyone at school. I would put on makeup because everyone else was. I would do that all just because thats how much I worried about impressing other people. I would always second guess myself in the morning when I was choosing what to wear. Saying to myself â€Å" Would they like me more if I wore this† â€Å" Would they notice me more if I did this to my hair?† Bam! I see the most perfect orange tree in front of me. The wind is blowing through my hair. The cold breeze sends shivers throughout my entire body. As I venture down the trails, droplets fall onto my sweatshirt. I see trees with no leaves and some with leaves. The leaves are sunset colored airplanes in the sky. The perfect orange leaved tree sways back and forth as the wind slowly moves it in any direction it wants to. Birds chirp away but are nowhere to be seen. The wet, discolored grass on the trail has been flattened, like it has been walked on a million times. Beauty surrounds me. The beauty of the orange tree draws me in. The leaves are a bright orange and yellow, with some branches that stick out farther than others. The dark brown, bumpy bark covered every inch of the tree. The wind blows knocking its leaves onto the ground scattering them all around. The closer I look at the tree, I can see how it isnt perfect even though it may look like it, it has broken branches and the bark is tearing apart. Flaws make things interesting.Im worried about making mistakes or how I even look, which shouldn’t matter at all. Everyone has beauty but it is whats on the inside that makes a person different than others.You can have beauty on the outside, but you may not be perfect on the inside. Over the years, I have been trying to be perfect but it hasnt gotten me anywhere. I dont have the hair, skin or anything that I wish I had and Ive finally realized that its okay as long as I have beauty inside and out. Everyone has their own beauty, but you cant be perfect all the time. It can be a persons smile, hair, eyes which are all outside appearances. There are other people that are funny, caring, kind which are only seen once you get to know them, so their beauty is hidden.I want imperfect to be the new perfect. I always think of Hannah Montanas song â€Å"Nobody’s Perfect.† and how the lyrics in the song really speak to me.Everyone has their flaws, and being imperfect is just human. Imperfections are the worlds finest flaw. People make judgments from the outside and dont look deeper. Like how I was drawn to the beauty of the orange tree. I look all around once again, no tree, leaf or piece of grass is perfect. I have realized that I myself spend too much time on my outside appearance and trying to be perfect instead of enjoying myself . I want to worry less about how others see me and what others think of me. I want to be my own perfect, even if that means not being able to be that one bright orange tree. I am not perfect. You are not perfect. I know nothing that is perfect. I have changed over the years. I no longer care so much on how I look and just be myself. I am fine with not following what is in this season just so I can be like everyone else. If I want to be like others then who I am. I have realized that i need to be myself. If someone wanted me to go buy this new purse I would be like no sorry, just cause they are buying it why do I need to? I can be my own beauty and perfect. I got no where worrying about what others thought of me, what people see on the outside is nothing compared to what I have inside me. That’s all that matters, whats on the inside. Beauty is everywhere, to my left and to my right. From tall pine trees to mushrooms on the ground, to the sky to the roots of the earth there is beauty.A bright orange and yellow ombre leaf falls in front of my face, I will always remember that tree, it made me look at the true beauty and that nothing is perfect. My time is up, I approach the yellow school bus with my notebook in one hand and my pencil in another. I sit down on the yellow bus surround my classmates and look out the windowat forest one last time and we head back to the school

How to Write an A+ Research Paper

STEP 1. Pick A TOPIC Topic or title of the research is the soul of any paper. If you have the chance to pick a topic of your choice, then you should pick such topic which is interesting to you or also you may converse it with your supervisor, group fellows and friends to select perfect one. Sometime topic is given by supervisor. STEP . Discover INFORMATION Surf the Net. For general or foundation data, look at helpful website, general data on the web, chronicles or reference books online, for example, Britannica. Utilize web search tools and other hunt instruments as a beginning stage. Check Custom Thesis Writing Services These destinations speak to organizations and have a tendency to be more dependable, however be attentive of conceivable political predisposition in some administration locales. Try to search websites with extensions, e.g. .edu (educational institution), .gov or .org (non-profit organization). STEP 3. Express YOUR THESIS Do some basic considering and record your proposal in one sentence. Your proposal explanation resembles an assertion of your conviction. The principle part of your paper will comprise of contentions to bolster and shield this conviction. STEP 4. TENTATIVE OUTLINE All focuses must identify with a similar significant theme that you initially said in your capital Roman numeral. The reason for a outline  is to help you thoroughly consider your subject painstakingly and arrange it coherently before you begin composing. A decent framework is the most vital stride in composing a decent paper. Check your blueprint to ensure that the focuses secured stream legitimately from one to the next. Incorporate into your blueprint an INTRODUCTION, a BODY, and a CONCLUSION. Make the principal diagram conditional. STEP 5. Sort out YOUR NOTES Sort out all the data you have accumulated by your diagram. Fundamentally investigate your exploration information. Utilizing the best accessible sources, check for exactness and confirm that the data is authentic, breakthrough, and right. Contradicting perspectives ought to likewise be noted in the event that they help to bolster your proposition. This is the most imperative stage in composing an exploration paper. Here you will break down, blend, sort, and process the data you have assembled. Academic Writing Services STEP 6. Compose YOUR FIRST DRAFT Begin with the principal subject in your layout. Perused all the significant notes you have accumulated that have been checked, e.g. with the capital Roman numeral I. Compress, reword or cite specifically for every thought you plan to use in your article. STEP 7. Change YOUR OUTLINE AND DRAFT Perused your paper for any substance blunders. Twofold check the raw numbers. Orchestrate and rework thoughts to take after your framework. Rearrange your diagram if important, yet dependably keep the reason for your paper and your per users at the top of the priority list. Utilize a free linguistic use and editing checkers application. STEP 8. Sort FINAL PAPER Every single formal report or papers ought to be typewritten and printed, ideally on a decent quality printer. Perused the task sheet again to make sure that you see completely what is anticipated from you, and that your article meets the necessities as indicated by your instructor. Know how your article will be assessed. Edit last paper painstakingly to spell, accentuation, missing or copied words. Attempt to guarantee that your last paper is spotless, clean, perfect, and appealing. At   writing services  adorn new meanings by combining professionalism with customer care that helps to deliver the quality work to customer’s content. Here, experience and abilities of writers help students to live their academic life without any fear and worry.

The Commercialism Of Television Essays - Television Advertisement

The Commercialism Of Television Essays - Television Advertisement The Commercialism Of Television The Commercialism of Television To look into the mind of a television addict, we must look at the big picture First we recognize the voluntary slavery that makes up the majority of modern life. A I see it, people get up early, put on work clothes, and work like machines for the rest of the day getting no satisfaction from their repetitive day-jobs. Then come home around seven oclock to their families who have already had dinner, and the kids already getting in bed. By that time there is almost no room left for quality family time or anything else to pursue thats worthwhile. Thus the person turns to the television for that instant dose of friendship and gratification that could not be found anywhere else during his or her day. Once the person gets comfy on the lazy-boy, he becomes quickly stimulated and amazed by the intense sound and picture of thirty frames per second, and suddenly forgets thinking about the real world. Notice how some people become extremely annoyed when you talk to them or distract them when they are watching a program, or even a commercial. And might even yell at you for walking in front of the TV. As the hours of straight zombie-like watching go by, the person slips further into the fantasy world of television, and with you breaking that link between them and the tube comes as a shock to them. Someone can be so engulfed that it becomes a regular part of his/her daily routine. As a result of a lot of watching TV, studies have shown that the heart rate, and blink rate have slowed down dramatically and muscular function decreased down to the snap of a finger on the remote or the lift of a drink. The stimulation of the picture and sound shift so rapidly that they must become completely relaxed to soak it all up. Television is like an addiction, and like any addictive substance a moral message lies behind it The advertising and the programs are only theyre to keep the viewer coming back for more. But there are even deeper morals to the story. The televisions main purpose is to distract from what you really want to be doing. Than around the second line of commercials you realize that you could be doing far better things than this, but before that thought gets to you, another flashy commercial pops up that literally says damnit stay in your seat, weve got more products to sell you. And giving the viewer the sense that he/she cannot live without it. And this is w here depression can kick in. In these messages there is the potential power to brainwash the viewer into thinking that television is the one and only answer to all the worlds problems, and soon the person will not want to accept the harsh reality of the real world. This becomes a mindset for many people who watch TV. Some will do their best to fight it, like turn the volume down or mute, but hell, never would they turn it off. Even the manufacturers cleverly hide the mute button on your remote. To the broadcasters and corporations, its all a damn game to them, to see whom can get more zombies to stick with their channel. After becoming over-fatigued from stimulation, theyll switch it off. And when they are face to face with real life, they dont understand it, and shrivel back into their corner to the TV, to the world that is so easily accepted. There is a huge difference between the world that we live in, and the fake propped world of television. On a person note; my father roommates with Andre, a forty-five year old minority who is extremely depressed, and has attempted suicide. Visiting my dad every week or so I notice that Andre always had the TV on, and continued sitting in his chair staring at every comedy channel for six hours, but I noticed he never laughed. I believe Andre has fallen deep into the TV world, and uses it as a tool to ignore and/or forget his problems in the real world. Odds have it that television only creates a mirage

Unit II non specific topic (Intercultural Management) Essay

Unit II non specific topic (Intercultural Management) - Essay Example In most cases, the parent company owns majority of stocks in the subsidiary companies (Deresky, 2011). Consequently, the host countries have minimal control over the MNC. Moreover, the host countries have minimal benefits from the corporation’s income. The MNC also reserve key managerial and technical positions to expatriate from their countries. Thus, the MNC are accused of failing to contribute to the development of human recourses in the host countries. In addition, MNCs do not contribute to the development of technologies and production capacity of the host country. The MNCs are mostly concerned with profits and in so doing they neglect their development obligations. MNCs also dominate the manufacturing industry thereby giving unnecessary competition to the local companies. In most case, the companies take advantage of corruption and mismanagements in the host countries to establish their interests. Thus, failure to meet corporate social responsibilities is the main source of complaints against the MNC. Question 2: What processes do MNCs need to establish in order to reduce prosecution risk? Many MNCs have decided to confront concerns about ethical behavior by developing worldwide practices that represent the companys policy. What are four policies used to address this issue? How would you implement these four policies in your business strategy? Multinational companies are faced with prosecution risks arising mismanagement and poor international relations. In order to reduce prosecution risks, MNCs needs to establish various processes. Firstly, MNCs need to ensure high level of integrity and accountability (Thomas, 2008). This will enable the corporations to avoid being drawn into unnecessary corruptions and scandals. However, some prosecutions are driven by business interests and, therefore the MNCs have minimal control over such occurrences. International business ethics are business